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Introduction to Direct. X 1. 13. D Game Engine Programming. Direct. XIn this article, I will introduce the reader to Direct. X 1. 1. We will create a simple demo application that can be used to create more complex Direct. X examples and demos. After reading this article, you should be able to create a Direct. X application and render geometry using a simple vertex shader and pixel shader. Introduction. Direct. X is a collection of application programming interfaces (API). The components of the Direct. X API provides low- level access to the hardware running on a Windows based Operating System . In Windows 9. 5, access to these low- level hardware devices was restricted . The developers at Microsoft realized that in order to facilitate access to these low- level devices, APIs needed to be developed to provide an abstract way to access these low- level hardware devices . Through the period of 1. Direct. X library went through several version changes to reach version 5. Subsequent major revisions saw a release on an annual schedule until Direct. X 9 which wasn’t introduced until two years after Direct. X 8 . This meant that the implementation of the rendering algorithms were fixed in the graphics hardware. Direct. X 8 introduced the first versions of a programmable shading language with Shader Model 1. Shader Model 1 featured a single shader profile for creating a very simple vertex shader and did not provide a shader profile for pixel shading. My first exercise was to attempt to create a simple DirectX. If you do not catch exception it will eventually brings the. Direct. X 9. 0 was released in December 2. Shader Model 2. 0 introduced a new vertex shader profile as well as a pixel shader profile. Pixel shaders provided the ability to create per- pixel lighting. Direct. X 9. 0c was released in August 2. Shader Model 3. 0 extended the existing vertex shader and pixel shader profiles increasing the number of instructions and allowing for more complex shaders. In November 2. 00. Direct. X 1. 0 was released . Shader Model 4. 0 extended the functionality of the vertex shader and the pixel shader as well as introduced a new shader profile called the geometry shader. Shader Model 4. 0 also introduced the Effect Framework which allowed the graphics programmer to create effect files (. Support for the effect files was subsequently dropped in later versions of the Direct. D API. Direct. X 1. October 2. 00. 9 . Shader Model 5. 0 extended the vertex, pixel, and geometry shaders of Shader Model 4. Tessellation shaders provide the functionality to progressively refine the detail of a mesh at run- time while the compute shaders provide a general- purpose compute language that is executed on the GPU instead of the CPU. DirectX-Graphics-Samples - This repo contains the DirectX Graphics samples that demonstrate how to build graphics intensive applications on Windows. GameDev.net is a platform for game developers to learn, share. I would really appreciate if someone could show me to make a simple program in DirectX. Download Directx Made Simple at Directx Informer: Dreamweaver Made Simple, Scarab Shooter, Project Manager. I don't wanna hijack this thread, but this question made me wonder, if you are writing a directX application, and you want to adjust the pixel colour of a single. Direct3D (DirectX 9.0). Resizing DirectX 9.0 Window Point Sprites. Simple Introduction to the NovodeX Physics SDK (updated to. Tutorial 1: Setting up DirectX 11 with Visual Studio Before writing any graphics code we'll need to have the tools to do so. The first of these tools is a compiler. Code Samples released by SGI with the OpenGL 1.1 distribution in 1997. Simple program to test bitmap rendering. Source code: bitmap1.c. DirectX SDK (June 2010). Fur - Shells and Fins This sample demonstrates a simple way of rendering fur using the shells and fins technique. On March 2. 0, 2. Microsoft will announce the release of Direct. X 1. 2. The Direct. X API that deals with hardware accelerated 3. D graphics is the Direc. D API (and the subject of this article) however there are several more API’s which make up the Direct. X SDK. Direct. 2DDirect. D is a hardware accelerated 2. D graphics API which provides high- performance and high- quality rendering for 2. D geometry, bitmaps, and text . This API is the subject of this article. Direct. Write. Direct. Write API provides support for high- quality sub- pixel text rendering that can use Direct. D, GDI or application- specific rendering technology . We will be using this math library for some simple math operations in the application code. XAudio. 2XAudio. 2 is a low- level audio API that provides signal processing and mixing foundation for developing high performance audio engines for games . You may want to work with DXGI directly if your application needs to enumerate devices or control how data is presented to an output . In this article, we will be using DXGI to enumerate the display devices in order to determine the optimal refresh rate of the screen. Direct. X 1. 1 Pipeline. The Direct. X 1. 1 Graphics pipeline consists of several stages. The following diagram illustrates the different stages of the Direct. X 1. 1 rendering pipeline. The arrow indicates the flow of data from each stage as well as the flow of data from memory resources such as buffers, textures, and constant buffers that are available on the GPU. Direct. X 1. 1 Rendering Pipeline . The rectangular blocks are fixed- function stages and cannot be modified programmatically. The rounded- rectangular blocks indicate programmable stages of the pipeline. Input- Assembler Stage. The first stage of the Direct. X graphics pipeline is the Input- Assembler (IA) stage. In this stage, the geometry is specified and the layout of the data which is expected by the vertex shader is configured . The input to the vertex shader is a single vertex and the minimum output from the vertex shader is a single vertex position in clip- space (the transformation to clip- space can also be performed by the tessellation stage or the geometry shader if either is active). Hull Shader Stage. The Hull Shader (HS) stage is an optional shader stage and is responsible for determining how much an input control patch should be tessellated by the tessellation stage . The input to the domain shader is a single output point from the tessellator stage and the output is the computed attributes of the tessellated primitive. Geometry Shader Stage. The Geometry Shader (GS) stage is an optional shader stage that takes a single geometric primitive (a single vertex for a point primitive, three vertices for a triangle primitive, and two vertices for a line primitive) as input and can either discard the primitive, transform the primitive into another primitive type (for example a point to a quad) or generate additional primitives . Stream Output Stage. The Stream Output (SO) stage is an optional fixed- function stage that can be used to feed primitive data back into GPU memory. This data can be recirculated back to the rendering pipeline to be processed by another set of shaders . This is useful for spawning or terminating particles in a particle effect. The geometry shader can discard particles that should be terminated or generate new particles if particles should be spawned. Rasterizer Stage. The Rasterizer Stage (RS) stage is a fixed- function stage which will clip primitives into the view frustum and perform primitive culling if either front- face or back- face culling is enabled . At Microsoft our mission and values are to help people and businesses throughout the world realize their full potential.The rasterizer stage will also interpolate the per- vertex attributes across the face of each primitive and pass the interpolated values to the pixel shader. Pixel Shader Stage. The Pixel Shader (PS) stage takes the interpolated per- vertex values from the rasterizer stage and produces one (or more) per- pixel color values . The pixel shader can also optionally output a depth value of the current pixel by mapping a single component 3. SV. The pixel shader is invoked once for each pixel that is covered by a primitive . Starting with Visual Studio 2. Windows 8 SDK the Direc. X SDK is now part of the Windows SDK so you do not need to download and install the Direct. X SDK seperatly. See Where is the Direct. X SDK? This enables your application to load faster especially if you have many shaders. In this article I will show how you can setup your project to make use of shader compilation but I will also show you how you can load and compile your shader at runtime. In this demo, I will not be using any 3rd party dependencies. All included headers and libraries are part of the Windows 8 SDK that comes with Visual Studio 2. Visual Studio 2. 01. Windows 8 SDK. Direct. X Project. The first step to creating our Direct. X demo is to setup an empty Win. Visual Studio. First, let’s startup Visual Studio. Visual Studio 2. 01. Select File > New Project from the main menu to bring up the New Project dialog box. Visual Studio 2. 01. New Project)In the New Project dialog box, select the Visual C++ > Empty Project template. Choose a Name, Location and optionally a Solution name (or accept the default) for your new project and press the OK button to create the new project. Visual Studio 2. 01. Direct. XTemplate)Before we continue configuring the project, let’s create a single CPP source file. Select Project > Add New Item. I prefer to put my C++ source files in subdirectory with the name src relative to the project folder. Press the OK button to create the file and add it to the project. We need at least one CPP source file in the project in order to configure the project correctly. With the main. cpp file added to the project, we can now configure the project settings. Project Configuration. Open the project properties dialog by selecting Project > Properties from the main menu. Visual Studio 2. 01. Project Properties)In the Configuration drop- down box, select All Configurations. Select Configuration Properties > General and change the Output Directory to bin\. In the Debug configuration only, change the Target Name to $(Project. Name)d. With this configuration, both the debug and the release builds will go to the same folder. To ensure we don’t replace release builds with debug builds and visa- versa, we will append the letter “d” to the end of the debug builds. Select Configuration Properties > Debugging and change the Working Directory to $(Out. Dir) for both the Debug and Release configurations. Doing this will ensure that the current working directory will be correctly set to the location of our executable file so that we can express paths in the application relative to the executable (instead of relative to the project folder which usually is a major cause of confusion for beginning programmers). Visual Studio 2. 01. Project Properties)If you want to place your public include folders in a separate directory then we need to tell the C++ compiler where our include files are located. In the C/C++ > General options add the name of the public include folder to the Additional Include Directories options. In my case, I have a separate folder called inc relative to my project folder where I will keep the header files for the project. Visual Studio 2. 01. Project Properties – C/C++)You will notice that we do not need to specify the location of the Direct. Les Tudors - Torrent. The Tudors Saison 3 Rapidshare SearchThe Tudors Saison 1 en streaming VF et vostfr gratuit Complet Sur Youwatch Netu et Exashare, serie The Tudors Saison 1 sur stream full. Menu Series TV Films Mangas. Sleepy Hollow Saison 3. The Tudors Soundtrack - Season 3 - Duration: 1:00:49. Motaki666 144,984 views. Play now; Mix - The Tudors Soundtrack - Season 4 YouTube; The Tudors Soundtrack Season 2 - Duration: 1:22:26. Telecharger Les Tudors – Saison 4 . Les Tudors SAISON 2 FRENCH: 4.61 Go: 2 : 3 : Les Tudors SAISON 1 FRENCH: 5.82 Go: 5 : 2 : T. 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The White House announced today a new HUD/FHA loan program to help homeowners invest in making their. HUD SELECTS LENDERS TO PARTICIPATE IN NEW PILOT PROGRAM TO HELP HOMEOWNERS PAY FOR. Probation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Probation in criminal law is a period of supervision over an offender, ordered by a court instead of serving time in prison. In some jurisdictions, the term probation only applies to community sentences (alternatives to incarceration), such as suspended sentences. During this testing period, an offender faces the threat of being sent back to prison, if found breaking the rules. Offenders are ordinarily required to refrain from possession of firearms, and may be ordered to remain employed, abide to a curfew, live at a directed place, obey the orders of the probation officer, or not leave the jurisdiction. The probationer might be ordered as well to refrain from contact with the victims (such as a former partner in a domestic violence case), with potential victims of similar crimes (such as minors, if the instant offense involves child sexual abuse), or with known criminals, particularly co- defendants. Additionally, the restrictions can include a ban on possession or use of alcoholic beverages, even if alcohol was not involved in the original criminal charges. Offenders on probation might be fitted with an electronic tag (or monitor), which signals their whereabouts to officials. Also, offenders have been ordered to submit to repeat alcohol/drug testing or to participate in alcohol/drug or psychological treatment, or to perform community service work. History. In English common law, prior to the advent of democratic rule, the courts could temporarily suspend the execution of a sentence to allow a criminal defendant to appeal to the monarch for a pardon. Probation first developed in the United States when John Augustus, a Boston cobbler, persuaded a judge in the Boston Police Court in 1. Even earlier, the practice of suspending a sentence was used as early as 1. Boston, Massachusetts, and became widespread in U. S. At first, judges, most notably Peter Oxenbridge Thatcher of Boston, used . In 1. 87. 8 the mayor of Boston had hired a former police officer, the ironically named . By the mid- 1. 9th century, however, many Federal Courts were using a judicial reprieve to suspend sentence, and this posed a legal question. In 1. 91. 6, the United States Supreme Court, in the Killets Decision, held that a Federal Judge (Killets) was without power to suspend a sentence indefinitely. This decision led to the passing of the National Probation Act of 1. Video clip about Desistance and Probation Practice Research by the. Community Corrections (Probation and Parole. Download Probation and Parole: Theory and Practice (12th Edition) Free BooksRead Ebook Now http://goodreadsbooks.com.readingpdf.com/?book=0133483703. Probation and parole theory and practice 11th edition pdf Probation and parole theory and practice 11th edition pdf Probation and Parole: Theory and Practice 11th. Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections Work in Theory. Probation and Parole - Theory and Practice (11th Edition) PDF - download at 4shared. Probation and Parole - Theory and Practice (11th Edition). Probation and parole theory and practice 6th edition PDF. PDF File : Probation And Parole Theory And Practice. Probation developed from the efforts of a philanthropist, John Augustus, who looked for ways to rehabilitate the behavior of criminals. With the passage of the National Probation Act on March 5, 1. President Calvin Coolidge, the U. S. Federal Probation Service was established. On the state level, pursuant to the Crime Control and Consent Act of 1. Known as the Interstate Compact For the Supervision of Parolees and Probationers, this agreement was originally signed by 2. By 1. 95. 1, all the states in the United States of America had a working probation system and ratified the Interstate Compact Agreement.
In 1. 95. 9, the new states of Alaska and Hawaii, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories of the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa ratified the act as well. Arming and increased authority. In 3. 9 states, territories and federal probation, such arming is either mandated or optional. Arming is allowed in an increasing number of jurisdictions. It is common for violent criminals, higher- ranking gang members, habitual offenders, and sex offenders to be supervised at this level. Some jurisdictions require offenders under such supervision to waive their constitutional rights under the Fourth Amendment regarding search and seizure, and such probationers may be subject to unannounced home or workplace visits, surveillance, and the use of electronic monitoring or satellite tracking. Under terms of this kind of probation, if a client lives at one address and does not have a place to live, he/she may not change the living address and must stay at the address that is known to probation. GPS monitoring and home detention are common in juvenile cases, even if the underlying delinquency is minor. Cybercrime specialist in corrections, Art Bowker, noted . The probationer is expected to complete any conditions of the order with no involvement of a probation officer, and perhaps within a period shorter than that of the sentence itself. For example, given one year of unsupervised probation, a probationer might be required to have completed community service, paid court costs or fines, etc., within the first six months. For the remaining six months, he or she may be required merely to refrain from unlawful behavior. Probationers are allowed to go to their workplace, educational institution, or place of worship. Such probationers may be asked to meet with an officer at the onset or near the end of the probationary period, or not at all. If terms are not completed, an officer may file a petition to revoke probation. Informal supervision is supervised or unsupervised probation without having been convicted of the offense. As with other forms of probation, search clauses or drug testing may be included. At the end of the informal period, the case is dismissed. This is usually offered as part of a plea bargain or pre- trial diversion, and may requires the supervisee to waive Fourth Amendment rights for the duration. Informal probation can also require the supervisee to enter a plea of . The judge may recall the inmate from jail and put him or her on probation within the community instead. The courts have a theory that a short term in jail may . Shock probation can only be used between a specific period of 3. They are the ones who determine whether the offender is a serious risk to public safety. These officials are also the ones who make recommendations to the court on what action to take. The correction officials first go through an investigations process during the pretrial period. They assess the offenders background and history to determine if he or she can be released safely back into the community. The officers then write a report on the offender. This is an extremely important piece of information that the courts use to determine if the offender shall be put on probation instead of going to jail. After the offender is found guilty, the probation officer puts together a pre- sentence investigation report (PSI). Courts base their sentencing on it. Finally, courts make their decision whether to imprison the convict or to let him or her off on probation. If a court decides to grant a person probation, it must then determine how to impose the sentence based on the seriousness of the crime, recidivism, circumstances of the convict, and the recommendations from the corrections officials. Early probationers were expected not only to obey the law but also to behave in a morally acceptable fashion. Officers sought to provide moral leadership to help shape probationers' attitudes and behavior with respect to family, religion, employment, and free time. They aimed to ensure that this was enforced as well, and early probationers were given the opportunity to prove themselves and possibly even reduce their sentence. From the 1. 92. 0s through the 1. This shift brought three important changes. First, the officer no longer primarily acted as a community supervisor charged with enforcing a particular morality. Second, the officer became more of a social worker whose goal was to help the offender solve psychological and social problems. Third, the offender was expected to become actively involved in the treatment. The pursuit of rehabilitation as the primary goal of probation gave the officer extensive discretion in defining and treating the offender's problems. Officers used their judgment to evaluate each offender and develop a treatment approach to the personal problems that presumably had led to crime. Many states offered to dismiss or expunge the conviction if the probationer fulfilled the terms of the probation. During the 1. 96. United States. These changes also affected the field of community corrections. Rather than counseling offenders, probation officers provided them with concrete social services such as assistance with employment, housing, finances, and education. This emphasis on reintegrating offenders and remedying the social problems they faced was consistent with federal efforts to wage a . Risk management reflects two basic goals. First, in accord with the deserved- punishment ideal, the punishment should fit the offense, and correctional intervention should neither increase nor diminish the severity of punishment. Second, according to the community protection criterion, the amount and type of supervision are determined according to the risk that the probationer will return to lawbreaking. Probation violations. The court will request that the defendant prove his or her innocence at an order to show cause hearing. There is no invariant rule as to what circumstances warrant a violation hearing, although conviction of a subsequent offense, or failure to report (to the officer) are nearly universal. If a violation is found, the severity of the penalties may depend upon the facts of the original offense, the facts of the violation, and the probationer's criminal history. For example, if an offender is on probation for a gang- related offense, subsequent . Similarly, penalties for violation may be greater if a subsequent offense is of greater severity (such as a felony, following a misdemeanor), or if the original offense and subsequent offense are of the same type (such as a battery following an assault, or retail theft following retail theft). Probation revocation. A judge at the hearing will consider reports from the probation officer, and if probation is revoked, the probationer will often be incarcerated in jail or prison. However, the term of incarceration might be reduced from the original potential sentence for the alleged crime(s). |
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